Shariah courts in matters concerning their religion. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi'i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia.
No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Syariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the Civil Courts. Despite being the supreme courts of the land, the Civil Courts do not hear matters related to Islamic practices. The official and national language of Malaysia is Malaysian , [] a standardised form of the Malay language.
English remains an active second language , with its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with Manglish , which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese, and Tamil influences. The government discourages the use of non-standard Malay but has no power to issue compounds or fines to those who use improper Malay on their advertisements.
Many other languages are used in Malaysia, which contains speakers of living languages. Iban is the main tribal language in Sarawak while Dusunic and Kadazan languages are spoken by the natives in Sabah. The Tamil language is used predominantly by a majority of Malaysian Indians along with Telugu, Malayalam. Other South Asian languages are also widely spoken in Malaysia, as well as Thai. Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there.
Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian , Arabic , and British cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.
In , the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture. It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy. Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia. The two countries have a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items.
However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem. Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage. Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing.
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Common artworks included ornamental kris , beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India. Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan - Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand, and Indonesia. The music is based around percussion instruments, [] the most important of which is the gendang drum.
There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Malaysia has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today. Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam.
The earliest known Malay writing is on the Terengganu stone , made in Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Malaysia", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature". The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages. Malaysia's cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures, [] largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route.
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Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Malaysia often serve Malay dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Malaysia's main newspapers are owned by the government and political parties in the ruling coalition, [] [] although some major opposition parties also have their own, which are openly sold alongside regular newspapers. A divide exists between the media in the two halves of the country.
Peninsular-based media gives low priority to news from the East, and often treats the eastern states as colonies of the Peninsula. The media have been blamed for increasing tension between Indonesia and Malaysia, and giving Malaysians a bad image of Indonesians. Freedom of the press is limited, with numerous restrictions on publishing rights and information dissemination.
Malaysians observe a number of holidays and festivities throughout the year. Some are federally gazetted public holidays and some are observed by individual states. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, and the main holiday of each major group has been declared a public holiday.
The most observed national holiday is Hari Merdeka Independence Day on 31 August, commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya in Wesak Day is observed and celebrated by Buddhists. Hindus in Malaysia celebrate Deepavali , the festival of lights, [] while Thaipusam is a religious rite which sees pilgrims from all over the country converge at the Batu Caves. In addition to this, the Dayak community in Sarawak celebrate a harvest festival known as Gawai , [] and the Kadazandusun community celebrate Kaamatan. In a custom known as "open house" Malaysians participate in the celebrations of others, often visiting the houses of those who identify with the festival.
Popular sports in Malaysia include association football , badminton , field hockey , bowls , tennis , squash , martial arts , horse riding , sailing , and skate boarding. It runs for It first participated in the Melbourne Olympic Games.
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The council was renamed the Olympic Council of Malaysia in , and has participated in all but one Olympic games since its inception. The largest number of athletes ever sent to the Olympics was 57 to the Munich Olympic Games. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Country in Southeast Asia. This article is about the country. For the biogeographical region, see Malesia. Show globe. Show map of Southeast Asia. Official language and national language. Main article: Malay people.
Main article: History of Malaysia. Main articles: Politics of Malaysia and Government of Malaysia.
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Negeri Sembilan. Kuala Lumpur.
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West Malaysia. East Malaysia.
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Blue States. Red Federal Territories. South China Sea. Strait of Malacca. Gulf of Thailand. Sulu Sea. Celebes Sea. See also: Human rights in Malaysia. Main article: Geography of Malaysia.