Online dating man in Shekhupura Pakistan

Karry serving as its first administrator. Despite the area's Muslim majority, Sikhs had hoped that the boundary commission would award the area to India, given the proximity of Sheikhupura to the city of Nankana Sahib - revered as the birthplace of the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak. The Sikh population had not made arrangements to leave and remained trapped in the city until 31 August The overall literacy rate of Sheikhupura is According to the Pakistan Census , the population of Sheikhupura city was recorded as , As per Census of Pakistan , the population of city was recorded as , with an increase of Media related to Sheikhupura at Wikimedia Commons.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the district, see Sheikhupura District. For other uses, see Sheikhupura disambiguation. City in Punjab, Pakistan. From top: Hiran Minar , Sheikhupura Fort.

Retrieved 29 September District Sheikhupura is spread over an area of 3, square kilometers and comprises four tehsils of: 1 Sheikhupura, 2 Ferozewala, 3 Sharaqpur, 4 Sharif Muridke [ 21 ]. According to the census of Pakistan, the district has a population of 3,, of Rest of population is resident of town and villages. The overall literacy rate of this region is From mid of December to mid March the air is very damp, cold and light to moderate, rain falls at intervals. In April the temperature rises fast and two successive months are very hot [ 21 ]. Towards the end of June Monsoon conditions appear and during the following two and a half months spells of rainy weather.

Major cash crops usually grown in this area are wheat, rice and sugarcane while minor crops are maize, millet, sorghum, cotton and mash. From an ethnographic point of view, the region is occupied by two religious communities, Muslims in the majority and Christians in the minority. The main languages spoken in the District Sheikhupura include Urdu and Punjabi. There is a lack of satisfactory health-care facilities, thus resulting in high maternal mortality rate MMR and infant mortality rate IMR. Almost all ethnic groups use herbal medicines to cure different diseases, and these groups are rich with indigenous knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants.

The Study was carried out by interviewing informants including male, female and herbalists of the study area during November to June Sample size was determined by following Kadam and Bhalerao [ 22 ].

For plant material and traditional information collection, trips were arranged during winter, spring summer time to cover all seasonal variations in vegetation. Before visiting the area permission was taken from Chairman representative of local government of Shahpur Virkan and NavaPind. Moreover, Chairman also helped us to hire a local person as guide to facilitate the process of data collection. The methodology was adopted by following the work of Ahmad et al. The survey was unique as emphasis was on both male and female members of different ages of the community.

Local people were interviewed. Questionnaire was also used. But the majority of the people were not very well educated therefore interviewee filled the questionnaire herself after getting response form the informant. The ethno botanical data obtained, checked and compared with existing literature.

Hence the indigenous knowledge about the plant resources, religious and cultural aspect such as population density was also documented. The method used for data collection was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field visits. Interviews were conducted after obtaining informed consent I C from the interviewees. In many cases, a variety of techniques were used for selecting informants with traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants. The questionnaire Additional file 1 : Annex S1 used during the survey consisted of two parts: the first part was about the demographic data of the local informants, and the second part was about the medicinal plants.

The ethnobotanical inventory consisted of local name of the plants, parts used, methods of preparation, mode of usage, and the diseases treated. During field surveys, identification was mainly based on the local names of plants, with the help of local informants. The documented ethnobotanical data was elucidated to define plant parts, and preparation methods. ICF is calculated by the following formula, as cited in the literature [ 3 , 24 , 25 ]. ICF was applied to highlight the homogeneity of the information regarding particular types of ailment categories [ 18 , 26 ].

The result of this consensus ranges from zero to 1. A high value close to 1 specifies that taxa are used by the large proportion of the informants for a number of conditions related to that broad category, whereas the low value close to 0 indicates that the plants are chosen randomly for a few or a single condition or that informants did not exchange information about the use of plants [ 18 , 27 — 29 ].

• Sheikhupura District.
• christian dating site near Pontianak Indonesia.
• over 40 dating Lille France;
• 21 Sikh pilgrims killed as train rams into bus in Pakistan's Sheikhupura.
• Thematic Chronology of Mass Violence in Pakistan, 1947-2007;
• Sheikhupura;
• dating sites area in Cuernavaca Mexico.

FL points out the preference shown for one species over others, for treating a particular ailment [ 18 , 30 ]. The high FL confirms high usage of the plant species for a particular ailment, whereas low FL confirms a wide range of medicinal uses but with a low frequency for each ailment.

It was calculated by the following formula:. Similarly, the high FL confirms high usage of the plant species for a particular ailment, whereas low FL confirms a wide range of medicinal uses but with a low frequency for each ailment. The UV of reported species was calculated using the following formula [ 18 , 24 ]:. UVs are higher if there are many use reports of a plant, implying that the plant is important, whereas they are near zero if there are few reports related to its use.

The RFC was calculated using the following formula [ 18 , 31 ]. This relation displays the local prominence of every species, and it is calculated by dividing the FC, the number of informants reporting the use of the species divided by the total number of informers contributing in the survey N , without bearing in mind the use-categories [ 2 ].

RI was calculated using the following formula [ 18 , 31 ].

PIA Offices

AC is calculated by dividing the number of body systems treated by a given species, by the maximum number of ailment categories treated by the species that are used most widely. Ethnobotanists calculate the JI for comparison of documented data with previous published data collected from adjoining areas [ 18 , 32 ].

JI was calculated using the following formula:. Eight field trips to cover seasonal variations were carried out to compile ethnobotanical data associated with uses of medicinal plants. A total of informants were interviewed. A large number of people were in the age of 30—40 years Due to the lack of some educational facilities in that area, most of the informants were illiterate But some were educated showing that they had awareness about education. Many informants had completed their primary Some had completed even their secondary school certification 6.

Most of the informants spoke Punjabi and very often spoke Urdu. This may be because of female interviewer, hence females felt comfortable with her and talk freely. During ethnobotanical survey, 96 plant species were explored for medicinal properties Fig. Other frequently used families were Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Ranunculaceae and Verbenaceae 2 species from each family.

In this survey, herbs were documented with highest frequency The possible reason for the dominance of herbs, might be the presence of bioactive compounds helping them to adapt the habitat. This observation is supported by the previous study carried out in the other regions of Pakistan [ 18 , 35 ]. While the shrubs 8. Avena sativa L. In this survey, leaves As leaves are easy to collect and require less effort than other parts such as root, seeds, flower and fruit [ 34 ], therefore they are frequently used for treatment of ailments.

Another significant reason is that use of leaves can conserve the plant but the use of root can kill them [ 36 , 37 ]. The lowest plant parts used were gum, oil, roots and straw 0. Moreover, mostly leaves were used for the preparation of herbal compositions [ 38 — 44 ]. This trend of plant part used is observed not only in NavaPind and Shahpur Virkan but throughout the province [ 45 — 48 ]. However, in other provinces particularly in KPK, whole plant utilization for curing various diseases is common practice [ 49 ]. In the present study difference in plant part used is also noticed.

Although the medicinal use of species is already reported from other regions of Pakistan and South Asia but the important discovery is different plant part is used for treating the same diseases. Stem of P. Similarly, shoot [ 45 ], seed [ 35 ] and fruit [ 51 ] of C. For A. But this study explored that whole plant can also be used for the same disease as well. Shoot extract, oil [ 45 ] and seeds [ 52 ] of B. Shoot of C. Similarly shoot of E. Effective of A. As far as A. Different plant parts of C. Stem of M.

However, according to present study findings whole plant can also be recommended for the same purpose. As leaves and flower of V. In this study, the documented ethnomedicinal data was generally confined to medicinal usage, with some information on the toxicity of plants. The majority of the informants stated that they use medicinal plants based on experience of their elders as they do not believe that the plants are toxic.

According to some of the informants, plant-based recipes, when used in excessive dosage, may have severe toxic effects [ 47 , 48 ].