Donald Trump and Brexit could make Germany a more attractive partner for international scientists. The foundation set itself an ambitious timetable. First stop was the Sharif University of Technology, where the foundation met with 10 professors. Many studied at renowned universities in the U. Two worked at Max Planck-supported institutes in Germany.
All were well-acquainted with the Western world and most are working on internationally recognized topics such as cloud computing, the internet of things, big data, mobile government, and tissue engineering. Jawad A. Salehi is an electrical and computer engineer who studied at the University of California before working as guest researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT.
Salehi holds 12 U. He moved back to Iran 20 years ago to be with his wife and is currently researching laser networks that allow silent underwater communication and observation. But before the team could hear more, Mr. Salehi was cut short by the university president as each professor had just five minutes to present. Next up was Azam Iraji Zad, an expert in nanotechnology.
Iraji Zad graduated from Sussex University in Britain. After the meetings, the group was shown around the labs. As a result, the country invested in its human capital and promoted science and research — a unique approach in the region, and one that led to a surge in scientific activity. Therefore, 91 individuals were put in the intervention and 91 were put in the control group.
Validity of the questionnaire, follow-up form, and checklist of the daily intake of dates were determined by the content validity method. These tools were provided in the form of preliminary questionnaires studying the most updated books and articles in the field of study and delivered to 10 faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; the final tools were developed after reviewing and applying necessary suggestions and corrections.
Reliability of personal and obstetric and follow-up forms was confirmed through evaluation agreement with coefficient correlation equal to 0. The intervention group was given 7 packs of 70—75 g 6—7 dates in the 37th week of pregnancy. The mothers were required to carry on consuming one pack 70—75 g every day on the three so-called days.
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The dates used in this study were Mazafati dates of Bam whose nutritional ingredients were specified by the experiment before the start of the study. Moreover, the amount of dates was determined according the study performed by Alkuran and Khadem under the supervision of a nutritionist. The control group was required not to consume dates during this period and routine care was given to the participants.
After teaching the onset symptoms of delivery in both the groups, mothers were required to go to the hospital at the onset of labor pains by notifying the researcher. In case labor does not continue till the end of 40 weeks of pregnancy, more time was given to both the groups until 41 weeks of pregnancy if fetal heart rate tests were normal and the intervention group was required to carry on consuming dates. If the delivery did not start until 41 weeks of pregnancy, she would be taken to the maternity clinic and the researcher would go to this place to control development of the labor and fill the information regarding the labor in related questionnaires.
The sampling was started after approval for the study was obtained by the disciplinary committee of Mashhad university with Code After reviewing the proposal by the Ethics Committee, the objectives of the study were described to the participants and written consent was given. Moreover, the two groups had no statistically significant difference in terms of sports activity 0. The average length of active phase and the length of second and third phases in the two groups had statistically significant difference [ Table 1 ].
There was no significant difference between the average length of active phase and second and third stages of labor in cases of labor induction in the intervention and control groups [ Table 2 ]. Comparison of the length of active phase and second and third stage in the separation group by minute. Comparison of the length of active phase and second and third stage in spontaneous and induction group by minute. Spontaneous start of labor in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group Using oxytocin to speed up labor in the intervention group was less than the control group 5.
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General result of the study showed that consuming dates in late pregnancy was effective in the duration of nulliparous labor and shortened the length of active phase, as well as the second and the third stages of the labor compared to the control group. Moreover, average cervical dilution at the time of reception, being the most important factor to estimate development of the labor in women who consumed dates, was significantly more than the women who did not.
It appears that dates helps in more effective uterine contractions by better preparation of the cervix as well as saving energy, needing less time for complete dilution of the cervix, and shortening the labor. Maternal glucose is the most important source of energy and the physiologic need to glucose during the labor is 10 g per hour. In their study, amount of date consumption was equal to g date honey syrup during the labor; however, consuming dates did not continue in our study by the start of labor.
Alkuran is his study showed that date is effective in oxytocin receptors and causes more effective cervical dilutions; therefore, the need for oxytocin and prostaglandins for induction and speeding up labor in women consuming dates is less in late pregnancy.
The reason for this was probably longer period of consuming dates and women accepting to have cervical dilutions in the maternal clinic in our study. Results of this study showed that, in case of labor induction in women consuming dates, length of labor stages become shorter but it is not statistically significant, which is because of small number of samples and the need to study with the sample size suffices.
In a study done by Khadem et al. Nutritional and medical properties of dates decrease postpartum hemorrhage and can be a suitable alternative for oxytocin.
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Among the strong aspects of this study one was using a natural and accessible material for speeding and shortening of the labor. Moreover, the amount of effective dose of date was unknown, which was partly specified according to previous studies as well as comments of the dietitian. Duration of consuming dates to affect labor and the exact time of starting to consume it was not completely specified. In this article, the minimum amount of time to consume date for having optimized effect was considered to be 2 weeks with the comments of dietitian.
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Other limitations of this study were the lack of examination of the cervix before the intervention. According to the results of this study, consuming dates in late pregnancy was effective in decreasing the length of labor processes and reduceing the need to oxytocin for labor acceleration. Moreover, it is recommended to consume dates in women without contraindications. This study is part of a research thesis proposal approved by the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with Project No. The authors would like to thank all the mothers who participated in this study.
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