Sendai was incorporated as a city on 1 April, , with the post- Meiji restoration creation of the modern municipalities system following the abolition of the han system. At the time of incorporation the city's area was The city grew, however, through seven annexations that occurred between and The city became a designated city on 1 April, ; the city's population exceeded one million in Sendai was considered to be one of Japan's greenest cities, mostly because of its great numbers of trees and plants. Sendai became known as The City of Trees before the Meiji Restoration , after the feudal Sendai Domain encouraged residents to plant trees in their gardens.
In , the Senseki Line to Sendai Station became the first underground railway segment in Japan, preceding the opening of the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line Asia's first subway line by two years. The 2nd Infantry Division was known as the "Sendai Division" as it was based in Sendai, and recruited locally. During the Second World War it was involved in many different campaigns, but one of the most important was the Battle of Guadalcanal.
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During the bombing of Sendai during World War II by the United States on 10 July, , much of the historic center of the city was burned, with 2, inhabitants killed and 11, houses destroyed in the city. Sendai has been subject to several major earthquakes in recent history, including the Miyagi earthquake , which was a catalyst for the development of Japan's current earthquake resistance standards, and the Miyagi earthquake.
Sendai's port was heavily damaged and temporarily closed, reopening on 16 April Sendai is located at lat. The city's area is As a result, the city's geography is quite diverse. Eastern Sendai is a plains area, the center of the city is hilly, and western areas are mountainous. The highest point in the city is Mount Funagata which stands 1, metres 4, feet above sea level. The basin consists of urban areas, paddy fields and forests. The mid and upstream areas have forests. Sendai Castle was built close to the river to use the river as a natural moat.
The river frequently flooded until the s, but dams and levees constructed in the s and s have made such floods rare. However, many hot springs can be found in the city, indicating hydrothermal activity. The Miyagi Oki earthquake occurs offshore Sendai once every 25 to 40 years. The 7.
However, the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion concluded that it was not the Miyagi Oki earthquake, saying " This is because the magnitude of the earthquake was small, and the source area, which was estimated from the aftershock distribution and seismic waves, didn't cover the whole expected source region. Although, the recent event ruptured a part of the focal region of the expected earthquake. Sendai summers are not as hot as Tokyo to the south, while the winters are much milder than Sapporo to the north, but retains significant seasonal differences in temperature and rainfall.
Winters are cool and relatively dry, with January temperatures averaging 1. Snowfall is much lower than cities on the Sea of Japan coast, such as Niigata and Tottori. Summers are very warm and much of the year's precipitation is delivered at this time, with an August average of Sendai's rainy season usually begins in late June to early July, which is later than in most cities in Japan.
During this season, cold winds from the Okhotsk air mass, called " Yamase ", blow in and depress daytime highs. The city's total area was Most people in the city at this time lived in urban areas close to train and subway stations. The National Census revealed that The population density in this area was 6, Approximately 10, people in Sendai were non-Japanese citizens.
Sendai had , households in The average household had approximately 2.
The average household was becoming smaller every year, because single-member households were increasing. At this time Sendai had more people in their early 50s and in their 20s and early 30s than in other age groups. This is a result of the first and second baby booms in Japan, and university students.
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The average age in Sendai is Sendai's political system is similar to other cities in Japan, because the Local Autonomy Law makes all municipalities uniform in terms of organization and power. However, Sendai is a designated city, so it has the same jurisdiction as prefectures in some areas. Sendai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature. The Sendai City Assembly members are elected from 5 elective districts, which correspond to the city's 5 wards.
The number of assembly members allocated to each ward is based upon population. As of May , the city has 60 assembly members; 17 from Aoba Ward, 11 from Miyagino, 8 from Wakabayashi, 13 from Taihaku, and 11 from Izumi. Sendai has two vice mayors, who are not elected by the populace.
Miyagi contributes 24 seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Miyagi 1st district and the Miyagi 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan. Sendai has five wards "ku" , which were created when it became a designated city in The city consciously avoided names that included directions e.
Sendai is frequently called a branch-office economy [ by whom? Various authorities are cooperating to alleviate this problem, primarily by encouraging high-tech ventures from Tohoku University , which is well known for its science and engineering departments. There are also incentives for startups available from the prefectural government.
Tohoku Electric Power , a major regional supplier of electric power, has its headquarters in Sendai and also operates the Shin-Sendai Thermal Power Station located within the city. Sendai's economic growth rate has stabilized since the Japan earthquake. The growth rate was only 0. The year after, in the rate spiked to It has since fallen to a closer trend to what is expected of 3. Tourism in attracted an estimated 2.
Schools in the city include Tohoku International School. JR East 's Sendai Station is the main transport hub for the city. An underground passage connects the station to the Sendai Subway. When completed in , Yagiyama station became the highest-elevated subway station in the country at In addition to the public bus system, a loop bus called Loople runs between tourism hotspots around the city.
The city is served by Sendai Airport located in neighboring Natori , which has international flights to several countries, and the Port of Sendai. A rail link to Sendai began service on March 18, Ferries connecting Tomakomai and Nagoya stop at the Port of Sendai. These are symbols of "The City of Trees".
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Jozenji-Dori has a promenade and a few sculptures. It is a place of relaxation. Aoba-Dori is the main business road in Sendai. The most famous festival in Sendai is Tanabata, which attracts more than 2 million visitors every year and is the largest Tanabata Festival in Japan. It is relatively quiet compared to other traditional Japanese festivals, because its main attractions are intricate Tanabata decorations.
The Aoba Matsuri Festival follows more typical Japanese festival traditions, with a mikoshi , floats , a samurai parade, and traditional dancing. Local people burn their New Year decorations and pray for health in the new year during the Dontosai Festival, the oldest festival in Miyagi Prefecture. It began as a jazz festival in , but soon began to accept applications from all genres.
Trees in downtown Sendai are decorated with lights during the Sendai Pageant of Starlights. The event provided the idea for the Festival of Lights annually held in Riverside , Sendai's sister city. In , the streets were lit up with one million miniature bulbs. However, robatayaki was later introduced to Kushiro , which developed and popularized the dish.
As a result, many people believe Kushiro is the origin of Robatayaki.
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Sendai is also known for good sashimi , sushi , and sake. This is because Sendai is near several major fishing ports, such as Kesennuma , Ishinomaki , and Shiogama , and the fact that Miyagi Prefecture is a major producer of rice. There are many ramen restaurants in Sendai, and the area is known for a particular spicy miso ramen.
Also, Sendai station offers the most types of ekiben of any station in Japan. In autumn, many people organise Imonikai, a sort of picnic by the river which involves making a potato stew called Imoni. Many crafts from Sendai were originally created under the influence of the Date family during the Edo period.