The council was intended to help the Punjab government find a solution to sectarian strife and to restore the positive image of religious parties after years of escalating violence HRCP , 88; Jilani , ; The Herald Oct. Just prior to formation of the council the government had launched a crackdown on sectarian groups, arresting over religious party activists, and reportedly was moving to restrict the growth of madrassas ibid. However, the government abandoned its operation when the MYC was formed, with the result that the council broke up as soon as the perceived threat was over [22] 22 ibid.
According to The Herald, more than a decade of such peace councils, high-profile meetings and legal manoeuvering achieved little or nothing of substance ibid. The act gave police sweeping powers to use lethal force against anyone "committing, or believed to be about to commit, a terrorist offence," and set up special anti-terrorist courts in Sindh and Punjab to try persons charged with terrorist offences ibid. These courts, in which the legal safeguards found in regular courts did not apply, stipulated that trials must be concluded within seven days and prevented appeals to higher courts AI ; HRCP , ; HRW Petitions were filed challenging the constitutionality of these courts, and in May the Supreme Court struck down the act as unconstitutional, ordering the government to amend it Country Reports , sections 1c, 1e; HRW Recent sources indicate the government has begun taking a much harder line on sectarian militants, applying the same methods used against ethno-political violence in Karachi in The Herald Nov.
Beginning about September , according to The Herald , the attitude of the Punjab police "appears to have undergone a dramatic transformation" Nov. Across the province police began conducting large-scale raids against sectarian militants, primarily those belonging to the SSP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi ibid.
The change in policy was reportedly brought on by increasing government frustration with the courts and the failure of legislative initiatives such as the ATA The Herald Nov. With the failure of the Anti-Terrorist Courts, which produced only a handful of convictions before being stopped by both the Lahore High Court and the Supreme Court ibid.
One source indicates it was the largest ever single conviction count for terrorist crimes in Punjab JIR Mar. Reports indicate that not all police officials condone the new policy. Senior police officers have reportedly warned that killing sectarian terrorists in staged encounters will "only make matters worse" The Herald Jan. One senior officer warns that by killing suspects, police are deprived of opportunities to extract information about their networks ibid. He also stated that individual militants are backed by organizations full of highly trained and motivated gunmen who can cause serious problems both for the police and the government ibid.
Another senior officer suggests that by killing suspects in staged encounters the police are sending the message to the militants that they will be killed "even if they surrender", which only makes them more desperate ibid.
A third officer indicates that the policy of faked encounter killings has contributed to further deterioration in police professionalism: "Police officials know they need not prepare their cases for the courts [because they] can easily resort to extra-judicial killings. Consequently, police officials have started to ignore proper investigation procedures and prosecution of the cases" ibid.
The Herald notes that in recent years the hard-line sectarian parties had distanced themselves from the militants in their ranks, but since the staged killings started, they have begun welcoming the militants back ibid. As well, police officers assigned to combat sectarian terrorists now live under constant threat of reprisal ibid. Another problem is that the government has not reversed the policies that fuelled sectarian violence in the first place ibid.
It continues to patronize jihadi organizations in Afghanistan and Kashmir ibid. These reports, the product of a year-long intelligence-gathering operation, reportedly have resulted in no actions or decisions other than to "continue the confirmation process" ibid. The new provision has been widely criticized by opposition parties, human rights groups and the Pakistani press as threatening the constitutional rights to peaceful assembly and to express political dissent AFP 1 May ; Dawn 1 May The purpose of the meeting was to bring the two groups closer together and find a solution to sectarian violence Dawn 1 Apr.
The prime minister subsequently announced the creation of a "high-powered committee of Ulema and religious scholars" to formulate recommendations on the elimination of sectarian violence in Pakistan Dawn 4 Apr. The member committee brought forward a number of recommendations, but one week later the TJP pulled out of the committee, accusing its head, Dr. Israr Ahmed, of being a controversial person and disregarding decisions taken by the committee ibid.
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Ahmed himself subsequently resigned, stalling the committee's work and leaving its future uncertain ibid. Azhar Abbas is a senior reporter who writes on current political affairs for the Karachi-based monthly, The Herald. Professor Choudary is a Middle East specialist whose areas of interest are the politics of modernization and development, state formation, state-society relations, and social and political movements in Syria and Pakistan. The Friday Times, an independent, English-language, weekly news magazine is based in Lahore. A Karachi-based monthly, The Herald, is one of Pakistan's most widely read, respected and influential English-language news magazines.
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The magazine is known for its timely, detailed coverage of national and provincial political affairs and events of national significance. The non-governmental organization, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan HRCP produces an annual report that covers a wide range of human rights issues in Pakistan, including the administration of justice, law and order situation, conduct of law-enforcement agencies, jail conditions and the treatment of prisoners, freedom of the press and rights of women, children and labour.
In addition to monitoring and publicizing human rights issues, the HRCP also engages in legal advocacy. Abbas, Azhar. Senior reporter with the Karachi-based monthly, The Herald. The Age. Ahmed, Munir D. Edited by Martin Kramer. Boulder, Col. Amnesty International AI. Amnesty International Report Pakistan. Asiaweek [Hong Kong]. Anthony Davis. The Associated Press AP.
Khalid Tanveer. Kathy Gannon. Choudary, Maqsood. Professor of Political Science, Mt. Mercy College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Contemporary Religions: A World Guide. Edited by Ian Harris et al. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for United States Department of State. Washington, DC. Current History [Philadelphia]. February Barnett R. December Samina Ahmed. April Ahmed Rashid. The Daily Star [Dhaka].
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The Daily Telegraph [London]. Dawn [Karachi]. Sajjad Abbas Niazi. Azmat Abbas. Shadaba Islam. BC Cycle. Compiled and analyzed by Jeffrey A. Edited by John Murray and Richard H. Chicago: Office of International Criminal Justice. The Friday Times [Lahore].
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Adnan Adil. The Globe and Mail [Toronto]. John Stackhouse. The Herald [Karachi]. May c. Ali Ahmed. Idrees Bakhtiar. February a.
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