Studies undertaken by Martin, Suguio and others for example, Suguio et al. Duringthe last 5, years, relative-sea level has dropped, but two periods of high-frequency oscillations occurred between 4,, cal yr BP and 2,, cal yr BP. These are calibrated calendar years for Salvador curve Martin , but these oscillations were observed, according to the authors, along others sectors of the eastern Brazilian coast. A major discussion about time of sea-level highstand and nature of falling relative sea-level began with Angulo and Lessa and was followed by Martin et al.
Reviewing relative sea-level curves for Parana and Cananeia regions, Angulo and Lessa concluded that there was no indication of the two high-frequency oscillations, and that rates of sea-level fall were lower than earlier suggested Suguioet al. A critical review of all the radiocarbon dated samples to established relativesea-level curves to the eastern Brazilian coast was undertaken by Angulo et al.
The results show a rather smooth drop in sea-level after the maximum transgression, between 4, yrs BP -5, cal yrs BP and 5, yrs BP -5, cal yrs BP Angulo et al.
Milne et al. The authors have compared radiocarbon dates obtained for Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina coastline with model predictions. Data from Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina showed a good agreement with model predictions.
Anthony of Padua
Mean sea-level crossing time was predicted to have taken place at around 8, cal years BP, with a maximum transgression reaching up to 4. Concerning Espirito Santo State, where this investigation was carried out, no sea-level curve has been proposed so far. A few radiocarbon dates were obtained along the coast, especially at the Doce River coastal plain.
Martin et al. Dates are presented as radiocarbon ages, with no calibration to calendar years. Plotting the available dates reveals a maximum transgression up to 3. This is fairly in agreement with sea-level curves proposed for eastern Braziliancoast Martin et al. Vitoria Bay is located along the southeastern Brazilian coast and harbours one of the most important national ports, Porto de Vitoria Fig. It is about 20km long and less than 0. The estuary has a microtidal regime, with-semi diurnal tides. Peak tidal currents can reach 0.
The main navigation channel is constantly dredged, and the lower reaches of the bay presents a significant anthropogenic influence. The upper reaches are bordered by tidal flats with relatively preserved mangrove forests and no dredging activities. Morphologically, the upper reaches are characterised by a narrow submerged tidal channel, up to 8m deep with shallow margins, less than 0. Sediment distribution is of predominantly sandy mud with widespread shell fragments.
Fluvial sands are very restricted to Santa Maria da Vitoria river mouth and along narrower margins.
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In order to investigate the estuarine deposits, high-resolution seismic surveys were undertaken during and Based on the seismic results, a total of 12 cores were collected using diver-operated piston-push corer at the upper reaches of the bay. Herein, only two cores and one seismic section with cores locations are presented. It is important to emphasise that these cores were located where thicker stratigraphic record was available.
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Therefore, according to the seismic records, one core 1. These cores were opened, photographed, macroscopically described and sub-sampled for the following analysis: sediment grain size and mineral composition M. Passos, unpublished data , benthic foraminifera F. Almeida, unpublished data and radiocarbon dating. A representative seismic section reveals the presence of a main tidal channel, about 7m deep, with a thin veneer 15 cm thick of modern sedimentation, characterised by fluid muds Fig.
A basal reflector is observed at about 5m below the bed, which represents the acoustic basement, and probably the bedrock Fig. Second-order reflectors were recognised and describethe large-scale internal structure of the deposits. This seismic unit is characterised by a reflection free signature with a few irregular second-order reflectors. The base of the core was dated for 7, cal. Above SB1, a seismic facies unit is characterised by inclined reflectors onlapping this bounding surface.
BV-T3 shows that this unit consists of mud deposits intercalated with 5 to 10cm thick fine sand layers. A fine sand layer at cm was dated for 3, cal. This seismic unit is topped by SB2, which is a horizontal and continuous reflector that may be associated with a 10cm thick shell hash layer observed at cm inBV-T3. This core also presents a cm thick fluid mud modern deposit at the top. The upper most seismic unit is characterised by parallel to sub-parallel reflectors that are truncated by an irregular reflector representing the major modern unconformity - SB3 channel topography associated with modern sedimentation.
These seismic reflectors are represented by BV-T2 core sediments e. The core is characterised by an intercalation of sandy mud and muddy sand layers with a 10cm thick main shellhash layer at 50cm, which gives a calendar age of1, cal yrs BP. This intercalation is observed down to 70cm, where the core becomes dominantly muddy with shell fragments well distributed down to the base of the core. Two more time horizons were obtained along this core: 1, cal.
Almeida unpublished data has carried out a paleoenvironmental analysis based on benthic foraminifera assemblage sampled from BV-T2 and BV-T3. Results are graphically presented in Figure 5. The Time is Now 26m. Spontaneity is My Middle Name 28m. More Details.
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The statue was deemed miraculous and an incident of divine intervention. A church was then erected to honor the saint. In the Philippines , the devotion to St. Anthony of Padua began in , in the town of Pila, Laguna , where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, now elevated as the National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua under the Diocese of San Pablo. In Siolim , a village in the Indian state of Goa , St. Anthony is always shown holding a serpent on a stick.
This is a depiction of the incident which occurred during the construction of the church wherein a snake was disrupting construction work. The people turned to St. Anthony for help and placed his statue at the construction site. The next morning, the snake was found caught in the cord placed in the statue's hand. As the number of Franciscan saints increased, iconography struggled to distinguish Anthony from the others. Because of a legend that he had once preached to the fish by the mouth of the river Marecchia in Rimini , this was sometimes used as his attribute. He is also often seen with a white lily stalk, representing his purity.
Other conventions referred to St. Anthony's visionary fervor. Thus, one attribute in use for some time was a flaming heart. He is also sometimes depicted along with the mule in Rimini that allegedly bowed down to him holding the Eucharist. Another key pattern has him meditating on an open book in which the Christ Child himself appears, as in the El Greco above. Over time the child came to be shown considerably larger than the book and some images even do without the book entirely. He typically appears carrying the infant Jesus and holding a cross.
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In popular votive offerings , Anthony is often depicted as miraculously saving individuals in various accidents. Baby Jesus with St. Triptych of Saint Antonius by Ambrosius Benson. Antony with Christ Child , from, Carinthia , in Austria. Saint Anthony of Padua and the miracle of the mule , by Anthony van Dyck. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Franciscan friar and Doctor of the Church. For the Italian film, see Anthony of Padua film.
For others known as Saint Anthony, see Saint Anthony. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Vision of Saint Anthony, by Alonso Cano. People by era or century.
Desert Fathers. Contemporary papal views. Aspects of meditation Orationis Formas , Saint Anthony and His Times.