Some features of all three climates can be found in most of the state, with droughts and changeable weather between dry and humid not uncommon, and both warm and cold spells in the winter. Temperatures in areas between U. Routes 83 and 81 , as well as the southwestern portion of the state along and south of U. High humidity added to the high temperatures sends the heat index into life-threatening territory, especially in Wichita, Hutchinson , Salina , Russell , Hays , and Great Bend.
Temperatures are often higher in Dodge City , Garden City , and Liberal , but the heat index in those three cities is usually lower than the actual air temperature. Also, combined with humidity between 85 and 95 percent, dangerous heat indices can be experienced at every hour of the day. Frost-free days range from more than days in the south, to days in the northwest.
Thus, Kansas is the country's ninth or tenth sunniest state, depending on the source. Western Kansas is as sunny as parts of California and Arizona.
Kansas is prone to severe weather, especially in the spring and the early-summer. Despite the frequent sunshine throughout much of the state, due to its location at a climatic boundary prone to intrusions of multiple air masses, the state is vulnerable to strong and severe thunderstorms. Some of these storms become supercell thunderstorms; these can produce some tornadoes , occasionally those of EF3 strength or higher. Kansas averages more than 50 tornadoes annually. Furthermore, these storms can even bring in flash flooding and damaging straight line winds.
Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 44, people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 65, people. The population density of Kansas is The focus on labor-efficient grain -based agriculture—such as a large wheat farm that requires only one or a few people with large machinery to operate, rather than a vegetable farm that requires many people—is causing the de-population of rural areas across Kansas.
According to the United States Census , the racial makeup of the population was:. Ethnically As of , the population included , foreign-born 5. Mexicans are present in the southwest and make up nearly half the population in certain counties. As of , English is the most-spoken language in Kansas, with Religion in Kansas [49]. The Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed the religious makeup of adults in Kansas was as follows: [49].
Kansas's capital Topeka is sometimes cited as the home of Pentecostalism as it was the site of Charles Fox Parham 's Bethel Bible College , where glossolalia was first claimed as the evidence of a spiritual experience referred to as the baptism of the Holy Spirit in They have sometimes successfully raised lawsuits against the city of Topeka.
Known as rural flight , the last few decades have been marked by a migratory pattern out of the countryside into cities.
In Kansas alone, there are more than 6, ghost towns and dwindling communities, [52] according to one Kansas historian, Daniel C. At the same time, some of the communities in Johnson County metropolitan Kansas City are among the fastest-growing in the country. Kansas has incorporated cities. By state statute, cities are divided into three classes as determined by the population obtained "by any census of enumeration". A city of the third class has a population of less than 5,, but cities reaching a population of more than 2, may be certified as a city of the second class.
The second class is limited to cities with a population of less than 25,, and upon reaching a population of more than 15,, they may be certified as a city of the first class. First and second class cities are independent of any township and are not included within the township's territory. Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
The northeastern portion of the state, extending from the eastern border to Junction City and from the Nebraska border to south of Johnson County is home to more than 1. Overland Park , a young city incorporated in , has the largest population and the largest land area in the county. It is home to Johnson County Community College and the corporate campus of Sprint Nextel , the largest private employer in the metro area.
In , the city was ranked as the sixth best place to live in America; the neighboring city of Olathe was 13th. Olathe is the county seat and home to Johnson County Executive Airport. The cities of Olathe, Shawnee , De Soto and Gardner have some of the state's fastest growing populations. Among cities with at least one thousand residents, Mission Hills has the highest median income in the state.
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Several institutions of higher education are located in Northeast Kansas including Baker University the oldest university in the state, founded in and affiliated with the United Methodist Church in Baldwin City, Benedictine College sponsored by St. Benedict's Abbey and Mount St. Scholastica Monastery and formed from the merger of St. Benedict's College and Mount St. Less than an hour's drive to the west, Lawrence is home to the University of Kansas , the largest public university in the state, and Haskell Indian Nations University.
To the north, Kansas City , with the second largest land area in the state, contains a number of diverse ethnic neighborhoods. Further up the Missouri River , the city of Lansing is the home of the state's first maximum-security prison. Historic Leavenworth , founded in , was the first incorporated city in Kansas. The city of Atchison was an early commercial center in the state and is well known as the birthplace of Amelia Earhart.
To the west, nearly a quarter million people reside in the Topeka metropolitan area. Built at a Kansas River crossing along the old Oregon Trail , this historic city has several nationally registered historic places. Further westward along Interstate 70 and the Kansas River is Junction City with its historic limestone and brick buildings and nearby Fort Riley , well known as the home to the U. A short distance away, the city of Manhattan is home to Kansas State University , the second-largest public university in the state and the nation's oldest land-grant university, dating back to South of the campus, Aggieville dates back to and is the state's oldest shopping district of its kind.
In south-central Kansas, the Wichita metropolitan area is home to more than , people. Wichita's population growth has grown by double digits and the surrounding suburbs are among the fastest growing cities in the state. Wichita was one of the first cities to add the city commissioner and city manager in their form of government. Up river the Arkansas River from Wichita is the city of Hutchinson. The city was built on one of the world's largest salt deposits, and it has the world's largest and longest wheat elevator. North of Wichita along Interstate is the city of Newton , the former western terminal of the Santa Fe Railroad and trailhead for the famed Chisholm Trail.
The city of Udall was the site of the deadliest tornado in Kansas on May 25, ; it killed 80 people in and near the city. Located midway between Kansas City, Topeka, and Wichita in the heart of the Bluestem Region of the Flint Hills , the city of Emporia has several nationally registered historic places and is the home of Emporia State University , well known for its Teachers College.
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It was also the home of newspaper man William Allen White. Southeast Kansas has a unique history with a number of nationally registered historic places in this coal-mining region. The neighboring city of Frontenac in was the site of the worst mine disaster in the state in which an underground explosion killed 47 miners. Along with the restored fort, historic Fort Scott has a national cemetery designated by President Lincoln in Salina is the largest city in central and north-central Kansas. South of Salina is the small city of Lindsborg with its numerous Dala horses.
Much of the architecture and decor of this town has a distinctly Swedish style. To the east along Interstate 70 , the historic city of Abilene was formerly a trailhead for the Chisholm Trail and was the boyhood home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower , and is the site of his Presidential Library and the tombs of the former president, First Lady and son who died in infancy. Westward along the Interstate, the city of Russell , traditionally the beginning of sparsely-populated northwest Kansas, was the base of former U.
Senator Bob Dole and the boyhood home of U. Senator Arlen Specter. The city of Hays is home to Fort Hays State University and the Sternberg Museum of Natural History, and is the largest city in the northwest with a population of around 20, Dodge City , famously known for the cattle drive days of the late 19th century, was built along the old Santa Fe Trail route. The city of Liberal is located along the southern Santa Fe Trail route. The first wind farm in the state was built east of Montezuma. Garden City has the Lee Richardson Zoo. In , a short-lived secessionist movement advocated the secession of several counties in southwest Kansas.
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Total Employment of the metropolitan areas in the State of Kansas by total Non-farm Employment in [67]. Total Number of employer establishments in 74, [69]. As of , there were 59, farms in Kansas, 86 0. By far, the most significant agricultural crop in the state is wheat. Eastern Kansas is part of the Grain Belt , an area of major grain production in the central United States. The industrial outputs are transportation equipment, commercial and private aircraft, food processing, publishing, chemical products, machinery, apparel, petroleum, and mining.
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Kansas is ranked eighth in US petroleum production. Production has experienced a steady, natural decline as it becomes increasingly difficult to extract oil over time. Since oil prices bottomed in , oil production in Kansas has remained fairly constant, with an average monthly rate of about 2.
The recent higher prices have made carbon dioxide sequestration and other oil recovery techniques more economical. Kansas is also ranked eighth in US natural gas production. Production has steadily declined since the mids with the gradual depletion of the Hugoton Natural Gas Field —the state's largest field which extends into Oklahoma and Texas.
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In , slower declines in the Hugoton gas fields and increased coalbed methane production contributed to a smaller overall decline.