Privatization of former common land often spells trouble for herders and First, the region is increasingly dry, meaning that a source of water that is In spite of an abundance of natural resources, including oil and minerals, poverty is increasing in Central Africa. A considerable amount of research has attempted to generate insight into the factors that Results: Only results that answer the objective s should be presented in a logical manner. Titles of table and figure titles should be descriptive enough to allow This grant will assist the Educational Research Network for West and Central Africa ERNWACA by providing funding for succession planning, recruiting a regional coordinator to be based in Mali and strengthening the Network's capacity to mobilize resources with a view to long-term sustainability.
Twenty-nine Rb-Sr whole-rock isotopic analyses and three U-Pb zircon analyses on foliated granites and largely unfoliated charnockitic rocks indicate that the central part of the Pan- African belt in west Africa was characterised by intense orogenic plutonism. Characterization of African Bush Mango trees with emphasis on the differences between sweet and bitter trees in the Dahomey Gap West Africa. African bush mango trees ABMTs are economically the most important species within the family of Irvingiaceae. They are priority trees producing non-timber forest products NTFPs and widely distributed in the humid lowland forests of West and Central Africa.
To boost their production and. Basement control in the development of the early cretaceous West and Central African rift system. Basement structures are represented in the region by large Pan- African mobile belts built at ca. Within these domains, two main structural features occur as the main basement control of the WCARS: 1 an extensive network of near vertical shear zones which trend north-south through the Congo, Brazil, Nigeria, Niger and Algeria, and roughly east-west through northeastern Brazil and Central Africa.
The shear zones correspond to intra-continental strike-slip faults which accompanied the oblique collision between the West African , Congo, and Sao Francisco cratons during the Late Proterozoic; 2 a steep metamorphic NW-SE-trending belt which corresponds to a pre-Pan- African ca. The post-Pan- African magmatic and tectonic evolution of the basement is also described in order to examine the state of the lithosphere prior to the break-up which occurred in the earliest Cretaceous.
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This widespread magmatism in part relates to the activity of intra-plate hotspots which have controlled relative uplift, subsidence and occasionally block faulting. During the Late Jurassic. Genomic sovereignty and the African promise: mining the African genome for the benefit of Africa. Scientific interest in genomics in Africa is on the rise with a number of funding initiatives aimed specifically at supporting research in this area. Genomics research on material of African origin raises a number of important ethical issues.
A prominent concern relates to sample export, which is increasingly seen by researchers and ethics committees across the continent as being problematic. The concept of genomic sovereignty proposes that unique patterns of genomic variation can be found in human populations, and that these are commercially, scientifically or symbolically valuable and in need of protection against exploitation.
Although it is appealing as a response to increasing concerns regarding sample export, there are a number of important conceptual problems relating to the term. It is not clear, for instance, whether it is appropriate that ownership over human genomic samples should rest with national governments.
Furthermore, ethnic groups in Africa are frequently spread across multiple nation states, and protection offered in one state may not prevent researchers from accessing the same group elsewhere. Lastly, scientific evidence suggests that the assumption that genomic data is unique for population groups is false.
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Although the frequency with which particular variants are found can differ between groups, such genes or variants per se are not unique to any population group. In this paper, the authors describe these concerns in detail and argue that the concept of genomic sovereignty alone may not be adequate to protect the genetic resources of people of African descent.
In the current debate on the future of bioethics in Africa , several authors have argued for a distinct communitarian African bioethics that can counter the dominancy of Western atomistic principlism in contemporary bioethics. In this article I examine this rather contentious argument and evaluate its validity and viability.
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Firstly, I trace the contextual origins of contemporary bioethics and highlight the rise and dominance of principlism. I particularly note that principlism was premised on a content-thin notion of the common morality that is in need of enrichment. I also contend that bioethics is essentially two-dimensional, being both conceptual and empirical, and indicate the lag in Africa with regard to conceptual bioethics.
I then appeal for authentic engagement by 1 African health care professionals, 2 African health care training institutions, 3 Africa 's bioethics development partners, and 4 African bioethicists and philosophers, towards addressing this critical lag.
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I underline the need to maintain the essential universality of bioethics as a discipline. I particularly argue against the pursuit of a distinct African bioethics, as it appears to be rooted in sterile African ethno-philosophy. Rather, African bioethicists and philosophers would do well to elucidate the universalisability of insights from traditional African thought, for the benefit of bioethics as a whole.
Thus we must engage beyond the sterility of a distinct African bioethics - authentically reflecting on the essentially universal contemporary bioethical concerns - to effectively articulate a viable trajectory for bioethics in Africa. High rates of maternal death and teen pregnancy persist in West and Central Africa. Research and programming efforts are not sustainably reducing these rates. The challenge is how to link the evidence on useful health interventions with evidence on how to deliver the interventions effectively.
This project aims to build the Over grafting donor site. AD Rogers, AK Primary cerebral angitis of the central nervous Das East African Various medications like intravenous immunoglobulin, antibiotics, acyclovir, methyl prednisolone and management for raised intracranial pressure were instituted. She rapidly deteroriated and died on tenth hospital day.
Only at autopsy was the diagnosis of primary angitis of central nervous system established. East African The scientific papers published in the Journal fall into three main categories: review papers, original research papers and short communications. Review papers in Spectrum of female commercial sex work in Bangui, Central African Classification of professional and non-professional female sex workers FSWs into different categories, never previously reported in the Central African Republic CAR , may be useful to assess the dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV epidemic, design operational intervention programmes to combat HIV Disturbance, diversity and distributions in Central African rain forest.
The aim of this study is to gain insight in the impact of human land use on plant community composition, diversity and levels of endemism in Central African rain forest. Human disturbance in this region is causing large-scale habitat degradation. The two most widespread forms of land use are.
Definitive diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis TBM depends upon the detection of the tubercle bacilli in Religions in Africa : A Teaching Manual. African Outreach Series, No. The wide variety of religious practices in Africa can be bewildering to outsiders. Although most of the world's religions have been introduced to Africa , this handbook focuses upon three categories of religious belief: traditional African religions, Christianity, and Islam. The book is arranged in three parts.
Part 1, "Background…. In the Congo he organised a United Nations UN mission to stabilise the country as it threatened to collapse into chaos following decolonisation; in South Africa he tried to deal with the conflict In this study, post-apartheid South Africa as a product of the incomplete process of the liberation struggle which trails many other African countries in terms of economic liberation and socioeconomic achievements, is the starting point.
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South Africa is still defined by the white factor, particularly on the economic front, and the The curriculum is a critical element in the transformation of higher education, and as a result, I argue for the inclusion of what I refer to as an African epistemic in higher education curricula in South Africa. In so doing, attention is directed at the decolonisation of the curriculum in higher education in South Africa , which aims to give…. This paper highlights that the development of ecotourism in Africa may considerably depend on the relations that African states maintain with the West.
It illustrates this point by means of a case study of South Africa. Western tourism sanctions, imposed to punish the country for its racist. Examines the paradigm of Pan- Africanism and the identity construct in the historic and cultural contexts of blacks outside of Africa , critiquing theories on the African identity construct. Suggests that black American identity is too complex for this simplification and must be considered within the context of world acculturation. Contains 34…. Sepsis in Africa : practical steps to stem the tide Otu Pan African Sepsis in Africa : practical steps to stem the tide.
Pan African Medical Journal ; African stock markets are deemed to be small, segmented and illiquid. Given this back ground, the study utilises monthly data for the period , employing the Johansen and Julius cointegration method to determine the long-run relationship between the five selected African stock markets. Granger causality tests were also conducted to establish if there are any causal links between the stock markets in Africa. The analysis in the study indicates that African stock markets are improving i European colonialists believed that Africans should be educated in African traditional values, and that Africans should be made into dedicated workers, not holders of power.
The African nationalists of the s, in contrast, rejected most of the arduous aspects of European education as instruments of domination, and lay the foundation for the…. H3 Africa and the African life sciences ecosystem: building sustainable innovation. Interest in genomics research in African populations is experiencing exponential growth. This enthusiasm stems in part from the recognition that the genomic diversity of African populations is a window of opportunity for innovations in postgenomics medicine, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
The recently launched H3 Africa initiative, for example, captures the energy and momentum of this interest. This interdisciplinary socio-technical analysis highlights the challenges that have beset previous genomics research activities in Africa , and looking ahead, suggests constructive ways H3 Africa and similar large scale science efforts could usefully chart a new era of genomics and life sciences research in Africa that is locally productive and globally competitive. As independent African scholars and social scientists, we propose that any serious global omics science effort, including H3 Africa , aiming to build genomics research capacity and capability in Africa , needs to fund the establishment of biobanks and the genomic analyses platforms within Africa.
Equally they need to prioritize community engagement and bioinformatics capability and the training of African scientists on these platforms.
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Historically, the financial, technological, and skills imbalance between Africa and developed countries has created exploitative frameworks of collaboration where African researchers have become merely facilitators of Western funded and conceived research agendas involving offshore expatriation of samples. Not surprisingly, very little funding was allocated to infrastructure and human capital development in the past.
Moving forward, capacity building should materialize throughout the entire knowledge co-production trajectory: idea generation e. Additionally, building skills for political science. The New. Africa has boldly entered the arena through the delegation of the. Africa gTLD.