Hokkaido is 83, The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu. The governmental jurisdiction of Hokkaido incorporates several smaller islands, including Rishiri , Okushiri Island , and Rebun. By Japanese reckoning, Hokkaido also incorporates several of the Kuril Islands. It is the largest and northernmost prefecture. The island ranks 21st in the world by area.
It is 3. It also serves as habitat and transportation corridors for animals and hikers.
Hokkaido has the third largest population of the five main islands with 5,, By population it ranks 20th globally, between Ireland and Sicily. Hokkaido's population is 4. Major cities include Sapporo and Asahikawa in the central region and the port of Hakodate facing Honshu in the south.
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Sapporo is the largest city of Hokkaido and 5th largest in Japan. Asahikawa is the second most populous city with It is near the island's geographic center. Third place is Hakodate with , people and There are three populations of the Hokkaido brown bear subspecies Ursus arctos yesoensis. There are more brown bears in Hokkaido than anywhere else in Asia besides Russia. The Hokkaido brown bear is separated into three distinct lineages. There are only eight lineages in the world. The native conifer species in Northern Hokkaido is the Abies sachalinensis sakhalin fir [25] The Hydrangea hirta species is also located on this island.
Like many areas of Japan, Hokkaido is seismically active. Aside from numerous earthquakes , the following volcanoes are considered still active at least one eruption since :. In , an earthquake of magnitude 7. An earthquake of magnitude 8. On September 6, , an earthquake of magnitude 6.
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Overview of Kushiro Wetland. Lake Akan and Mount Meakan. However, it is the only one of the eight to have such offices covering the whole of its territory outside the main cities rather than having them just for outlying islands or remote areas. This is mostly due to its great size; many parts of the prefecture are simply too far away to be effectively administered by Sapporo.
Subprefectural offices in Hokkaido carry out many of the duties that prefectural offices fulfill elsewhere in Japan. Between and the time leading up to the current political divisions, Hokkaido was divided into provinces. See Former provinces of Hokkaido. The highest temperature ever recorded is The northern portion of Hokkaido falls into the taiga biome [29] with significant snowfall.
The island tends to see isolated snowstorms that develop long-lasting snowbanks, in contrast to the constant flurries seen in the Hokuriku region. Unlike the other major islands of Japan, Hokkaido is normally not affected by the June—July rainy season and the relative lack of humidity and typically warm, rather than hot, summer weather makes its climate an attraction for tourists from other parts of Japan.
In winter, the generally high quality of powder snow and numerous mountains in Hokkaido make it a popular region for snow sports. The snowfall usually commences in earnest in November and ski resorts such as those at Niseko, Furano, Teine and Rusutsu usually operate between December and April. Hokkaido celebrates its winter weather at the Sapporo Snow Festival.
During the winter, passage through the Sea of Okhotsk is often complicated by large floes of drift ice. Combined with high winds that occur during winter, this frequently brings air travel and maritime activity to a halt beyond the northern coast of Hokkaido. Ports on the open Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan are generally ice-free year round, though most rivers freeze during the winter. Hokkaido's largest city is the capital, Sapporo , which is a designated city. The island has two core cities: Hakodate in the south and Asahikawa in the central region. Although there is some light industry most notably paper milling and beer brewing most of the population is employed by the service sector.
In , the service sector and other tertiary industries generated more than three-quarters of the gross domestic product. However, agriculture and other primary industries play a large role in Hokkaido's economy. Hokkaido has nearly one fourth of Japan's total arable land. It ranks first in the nation in the production of a host of agricultural products, including wheat, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beet, onions, pumpkins, corn, raw milk, and beef. The prefecture is also first in the nation in production of marine products and aquaculture.
That's almost 11 times bigger than the national average of 2. Tourism is an important industry, especially during the cool summertime when visitors are attracted to Hokkaido's open spaces from hotter and more humid parts of Japan and other Asian countries. During the winter, skiing and other winter sports bring other tourists, and increasingly international ones, to the island.
Coal mining played an important role in the industrial development of Hokkaido, with the Ishikari coalfield. Cities such as Muroran were primarily developed to supply the rest of the archipelago with coal. Hokkaido's only land link to the rest of Japan is the Seikan Tunnel.
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Most travellers travel to the island by air: the main airport is New Chitose Airport at Chitose , just south of Sapporo. Tokyo—Chitose is in the top 10 of the world's busiest air routes , handling more than 40 widebody round trips on several airlines each day. One of the airlines, Air Do was named after Hokkaido. Hokkaido can also be reached by ferry from Sendai , Niigata and some other cities, with the ferries from Tokyo dealing only in cargo. The Hokkaido Shinkansen takes passengers from Tokyo to near Hakodate in slightly over four hours.
Within Hokkaido, there is a fairly well-developed railway network see Hokkaido Railway Company , but many cities can only be accessed by road. Hokkaido is home to one of Japan's three Melody Roads , which is made from grooves cut into the ground, which when driven over causes a tactile vibration and audible rumbling transmitted through the wheels into the car body.
The coal railways were constructed around Sapporo and Horonai during the late 19th century, as advised by American engineer Joseph Crawford. The Hokkaido Prefectural Board of Education oversees public schools except colleges and universities in Hokkaido. Public elementary and junior high schools except Hokkaido Noboribetsu Akebi Secondary School and schools attached to Hokkaido University of Education are operated by municipalities, and public high schools are operated by either the prefectural board or municipalities.
Hokkaido has 37 universities 7 national, 5 local public, and 25 private universities , 34 junior colleges, and 5 colleges of technology 4 national and 1 local public colleges. National universities located in Hokkaido are:. Hokkaido government runs Sapporo Medical University , a medical school in Sapporo. The Winter Olympics were held in Sapporo. Hokkaido has relationships with several provinces, states, and other entities worldwide.
As of January , 74 individual municipalities in Hokkaido have sister city agreements with cities in 21 different countries worldwide. The current governor of Hokkaido is Harumi Takahashi. She won a fourth term in the gubernatorial election in with centre-right support.
In , Machimura had defeated Yokomichi's father Setsuo in the race to succeed Hokkaido's first elected governor, Socialist Toshibumi Tanaka who retired after three terms. Tanaka had only won the governorship in in a run-off election against Democrat Eiji Arima because no candidate had received the necessary vote share to win in the first round as required by law at the time. The Hokkaido Legislative Assembly has members from 47 electoral districts.
For the lower house of the National Diet, Hokkaido is divided into twelve single-member electoral districts. Error: Please enter a valid email address. Error: Oops! An error has occurred. We've sent you an email so you can confirm your subscription.
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