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I'm interested in meeting a woman or a couple or a transgender person aged between 18 and I'm 4ft 11in cm I will travel.. China , Hunan , Taolin. Many of the men left behind also struggle to find a wife. The reason is that many women have left for work in cities, never to return, while those women who remain can afford to be picky. No family would approve of a daughter marrying a man too poor to afford a dowry and a decent future.
Families of the poorest bachelor sons sometimes pool their savings to buy a wife from bride sellers, the traveling brokers who lure, trick or sometimes kidnap women from other regions and then illegally sell them into marriage. In the tiny village of Chenjiayuan, a farmer named Chen Xingwu, 57, stabbed a spade into his field overlooking the Yellow River and said minghun represented the final effort by parents to find a bride for a son.
Chen said his own marriage, at 35, was a lucky stroke, coming after he lobbied the family of a younger woman in another village. It allowed him to have three children and carry on his family name. Villagers and Mr. Families of the bride regard the money as the dowry they would have received had death not intervened.
The existence of such a market for brides has led to scattered reports of grave robbing. This year, a man in Shaanxi Province captured two men trying to dig up the body of his wife, according to a local news account. In February, a woman from Yangquan tried to buy the remains of a dead year-old girl, abandoned at a hospital in another city, to satisfy her unmarried deceased brother.
Progress in the Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Ecological Environment in Mining Areas
Guo Yuhua, a sociology professor at Qinghua University in Beijing, an expert on folk traditions and burial customs in the Loess Plateau, said the minghun custom stemmed from both dread and sympathy for the dead. She said parents with dead daughters, like those with dead sons, were also carrying out an obligation to their child. A woman who dies unmarried has no place in this world. The Beijing Daxing International Airport , a second international airport in Beijing, is the largest single-structure airport terminal in the world. Combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world , with a rich history dating back three millennia.
As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, [23] and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and is a center of scientific and technological innovation as well as entrepreneurship. Beijing is also the top city in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index for the fifth consecutive year.
Beijing has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable was the Summer Olympics and Summer Paralympics Games. Beijing will become the first ever to host both the Summer and the Winter Olympics [36] and also become the first ever to host both Summer and Winter Paralympics. Over the past 3, years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. An older English spelling, Peking is the postal romanization of the same two characters as they are pronounced in Chinese dialects spoken in the southern port towns first visited by European traders and missionaries.
The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is "BJ". The earliest traces of human habitation in the Peking municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District , where Peking Man lived. Homo erectus fossils from the caves date to , to , years ago.
Paleolithic Homo sapiens also lived there more recently, about 27, years ago. The first walled city in Beijing was Jicheng , the capital city of the state of Ji and was built in BC. Within modern Beijing, Jicheng was located around the present Guang'anmen area in the south of Xicheng District. After the First Emperor unified China , Jicheng became a prefectural capital for the region. The AD 3rd-century Western Jin demoted the town, placing the prefectural seat in neighboring Zhuozhou. After China was reunified during the Sui dynasty , Jicheng, also known as Zhuojun , became the northern terminus of the Grand Canal.
Under the Tang dynasty , Jicheng as Youzhou , served as a military frontier command center. During the An-Shi Rebellion and again amidst the turmoil of the late Tang, local military commanders founded their own short-lived Yan dynasties and called the city Yanjing , or the "Yan Capital. In , after the fall of the Tang, the Later Jin ceded the entire northern frontier to the Khitan Liao dynasty , which treated the city as Nanjing , or the "Southern Capital", one of four secondary capitals to complement its "Supreme Capital", Shangjing modern Baarin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia.
Some of the oldest surviving structures in Beijing date to the Liao period, including the Tianning Pagoda. The Liao fell to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in , which gave the city to the Song dynasty and then retook it in during its conquest of northern China. The construction took from to , [1] [47] [48] but greatly enhanced the status of a city on the northern fringe of China proper.
The city was centered on the Drum Tower slightly to the north of modern Beijing and stretched from the present-day Chang'an Avenue to the northern part of Line 10 subway. Remnants of the Yuan rammed earth wall still stand and are known as the Tucheng. In , soon after declaring the new Hongwu era of the Ming dynasty , the rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang sent an army to Khanbaliq and conquered it.
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The early death of Zhu Yuanzhang 's heir led to a succession struggle on his death, one that ended with the victory of Zhu Di and the declaration of the new Yongle era. Since his harsh treatment of the Ming capital Yingtian modern Nanjing alienated many there, he established his fief as a new co-capital. The city of Beiping became Beijing northern capital or Shuntian [52] in On 28 October , the city was officially designated the capital of the Ming dynasty in the same year that the Forbidden City was completed. A order by Zhu Di's son, the Hongxi Emperor , to return the primary capital to Nanjing was never carried out: he died, probably of a heart attack, the next month.
He was buried, like almost every Ming emperor to follow him, in an elaborate necropolis to Beijing's north. By the 15th century, Beijing had essentially taken its current shape. The Ming city wall continued to serve until modern times, when it was pulled down and the 2nd Ring Road was built in its place.
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The capture of Beijing by Li Zicheng 's peasant army in ended the dynasty, but he and his Shun court abandoned the city without a fight when the Manchu army of Prince Dorgon arrived 40 days later. Dorgon established the Qing dynasty as a direct successor of the Ming delegitimising Li Zicheng and his followers [58] and Beijing became China's sole capital.
Facilities for Manchu worship were introduced, but the Qing also continued the traditional state rituals. Signage was bilingual or Chinese. Northwest of the city, Qing emperors built several large palatial gardens including the Old Summer Palace and the Summer Palace. Under the Convention of Peking ending that war, Western powers for the first time secured the right to establish permanent diplomatic presences within the city.
From 14 to 15 August the Battle of Peking was fought. This battle was part of the Boxer Rebellion. The attempt by the Boxers to eradicate this presence, as well as Chinese Christian converts, led to Beijing's reoccupation by eight foreign powers. Also required was the execution or exile of government supporters of the Boxers and the destruction of Chinese forts and other defenses in much of northern China. Ten days after the treaty was signed the foreign armies left Peking, although legation guards would remain there until World War II. With the treaty signed the Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Peking from her "tour of inspection" on 7 January and the rule of the Qing dynasty over China was restored, albeit much weakened by the defeat it had suffered in the Boxer Rebellion and by the indemnity and stipulations of the peace treaty.
The fomenters of the Xinhai Revolution of sought to replace Qing rule with a republic and leaders like Sun Yat-sen originally intended to return the capital to Nanjing. After the Qing general Yuan Shikai forced the abdication of the last Qing emperor and ensured the success of the revolution, the revolutionaries accepted him as president of the new Republic of China. Yuan maintained his capital at Beijing and quickly consolidated power, declaring himself emperor in His death less than a year later [63] left China under the control of the warlords commanding the regional armies.
Following the success of the Kuomintang 's Northern Expedition , the capital was formally moved to Nanjing in On 28 June the same year, Beijing's name was returned to Beiping written at the time as "Peiping". During the war, [15] Beijing fell to Japan on 29 July [65] and was made the seat of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China , a puppet state that ruled the ethnic-Chinese portions of Japanese-occupied northern China. In the final phases of the Chinese Civil War , the People's Liberation Army seized control of the city peacefully on 31 January in the course of the Pingjin Campaign.
He restored the name of the city, as the new capital, to Beijing, [68] a decision that had been reached by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference just a few days earlier. In the s, the city began to expand beyond the old walled city and its surrounding neighborhoods, with heavy industries in the west and residential neighborhoods in the north. Many areas of the Beijing city wall were torn down in the s to make way for the construction of the Beijing Subway and the 2nd Ring Road.
During the Cultural Revolution from to , the Red Guard movement began in Beijing and the city's government fell victim to one of the first purges. By the autumn of , all city schools were shut down and over a million Red Guards from across the country gathered in Beijing for eight rallies in Tian'anmen Square with Mao. In December , the Third Plenum of the 11th Party Congress in Beijing under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping reversed the verdicts against victims of the Cultural Revolution and instituted the "policy of reform and opening up.
Since the early s, the urban area of Beijing has expanded greatly with the completion of the 2nd Ring Road in and the subsequent addition of the 3rd , 4th , 5th and 6th Ring Roads. Beijing is situated at the northern tip of the roughly triangular North China Plain , which opens to the south and east of the city. Mountains to the north, northwest and west shield the city and northern China's agricultural heartland from the encroaching desert steppes.
The northwestern part of the municipality, especially Yanqing County and Huairou District , are dominated by the Jundu Mountains , while the western part is framed by Xishan or the Western Hills. The Great Wall of China across the northern part of Beijing Municipality was built on the rugged topography to defend against nomadic incursions from the steppes. Major rivers flowing through the municipality, including the Chaobai , Yongding , Juma , are all tributaries in the Hai River system, and flow in a southeasterly direction. The Miyun Reservoir, on the upper reaches of the Chaobai River, is the largest reservoir within the municipality.
Beijing is also the northern terminus of the Grand Canal to Hangzhou , which was built over 1, years ago as a transportation route, and the South—North Water Transfer Project , constructed in the past decade to bring water from the Yangtze River basin. The city spreads out in concentric ring roads. The Second Ring Road traces the old city walls and the Sixth Ring Road connects satellite towns in the surrounding suburbs. Tian'anmen and Tian'anmen Square are at the center of Beijing, directly to the south of the Forbidden City , the former residence of the emperors of China.
To the west of Tian'anmen is Zhongnanhai , the residence of China's current leaders.
The Great Reversal
Chang'an Avenue , which cuts between Tiananmen and the Square, forms the city's main east—west axis. Three styles of architecture are predominant in urban Beijing. First, there is the traditional architecture of imperial China, perhaps best exemplified by the massive Tian'anmen Gate of Heavenly Peace , which remains the People's Republic of China's trademark edifice, the Forbidden City , the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the Temple of Heaven. Next, there is what is sometimes referred to as the "Sino-Sov" style, with structures tending to be boxy and sometimes poorly constructed, which were built between the s and the s.
In the early 21st century, Beijing has witnessed tremendous growth of new building constructions, exhibiting various modern styles from international designers, most pronounced in the CBD region. A mixture of both s design and neofuturistic style of architecture can be seen at the Art Zone , which mixes the old with the new. Both buildings are in the Beijing CBD. Beijing is famous for its siheyuans , a type of residence where a common courtyard is shared by the surrounding buildings.
These courtyards are usually connected by alleys called hutongs.